Gas-calorimeter.



, PATENTED AUG. 14, 1906.

H.L.DOHERTY. GAS OALORIMBTER.

APPLICATION FILED MAR.15,1905.

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' fiventor:

by MW, @WWI $417M @4 Atty)" PATENTED AUG. 14, 1906.

H. L. DOHERTY. GAS GALORIMBTER. APPLIOATION FILED MAE-15,1905.

12 SHEETSSHEET 2.

InVntor: H E NR1 L fDouzRTl No. 828,306. I PATENTED AUG. 14, 1906.

H. L. DOHERTY.

GAS GALORIMBTER. APPLICATION FILED M11345, 1905.

12 SHEETS-SHEET s.

Inventor: HENRY LI'IDDHERTI Attys.

b mxmm 4% m PATENTED AUG. 14, 1906.

H. L. DOHERTY.

I GAS GALORIMETER.

- APPLIOATION rum) MAE.15,1905.

12 SHBETSSHEET 4 st: In ventor HENRY lm DoHER-ry by W W Attys,

PATENTED AUG. 14, 1906.

H. L. DOHERTY.

GAS CALORIMBTER.

APPLICATION FILED MAR.15,1905.

l 2 SHEETS-SHEET 5.

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NO- 828,806. PATENTED AUG. 14, 1906..

H. L. DOHERTY.

GAS CALORIMETER. APPLICATION FILED MAR.15,1905.

12 SHEETSSHEET a A lest: Inventor:

' HENRY mDBHERTY am 7 PATENTED AUG. 14, 1906.

H. L. DOHERTY.

GAS UALORIMETER.

APPLIOATION FILED MAB..15,1905.

1 2 SHEETS-SHEET I.

Inventor WW... R 8 mi .0 .A L.

No. 828,306. PATENTED AUG. 14, 1906.

H. L. DOHERTY.

GAS OALORIMETER.

APPLICATION FILED MAB..15,1905.

1 Z SHEETS-SHEET 8.

Inventor: HENRY LDowemY AttyS PATENTED AUG. 14, 1906.

H.L.DOHERTY.

GAS GALORIMETER.

APPLICATION FILED MAB. 15,190?- 12 SHEETS-SHEET 9.

PATENT ED AUG. 14, 1906.

H. L. DOHERTY. GAS GALORIMETER.

APPLICATION FILED MAR.16, 1906.

12 SHHETS-SHBET 10.

Q Inventor HENRY A,$0HERTY I I I Attys No. 828,306. PATENTED AUG. 14;1906.

' H. L. DOHERTY.

GAS GALORIMETER.

APPLICATION FILED MAR-16,1905.

12 sums-sum 11.

Inventor: ){ENPY L. JDOHERTY PATENTED AUG. 14, 1906.

H.L.DOHERTY. GAS OALORIMETER. APPLICATION FILED MAILlfi, 1906.

- 12 SHEETSSHEET 12.

Alf test:- $1.

' the part of theoperator.

(m re s'ra rns PATENT oFi ioE.

HENRY L. DOHERTY, OF MADISON, WISCONSIN,

ASSIGNOR TO COM BUS- TION UTILITIES COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.GAS-CALORIMETER. M

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Aug. 14, 1906.

Application filed March 15, 1905. Serial No- 250.196.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, HENRY L. DoHERTY, a citizen of the United States,and a resident of Madison, Dane county, Wisconsin, have invented certainnew and useful Improvements in Gas-Calorimeters, of which the followingis a specification accompanied by drawings.

This invention relates to calorimeters such as are used to determine thecalorific value of any combustible gas.

he object of the invention is to measure the calorific value of anycombustible gas without requiring much time in making the test and butvery little or no calculation on The gas under test is completely burnedin a Bunsen burner. and

' the entire quantity of heat liberated by this of heat combustion istransmitted to or absorbed by water which is constantly. kept flowingthrough a boiler, preferably called an absorption-chamber. Thetemperature of the water before entering and after leaving theabsorption-chamber is taken,- and the water after leavin theabsorption-chamber passes to a tank w 'oh contains the gas before it isburned; Thus the water displaces the gas .volume for volume.Consequently for each cubic foot of gas burned there passes through theabsorption-chamber a cubic foot of water, so that there is a constantratio between the amount of gas burned and the amount of water passedthrough the absorption-chamber'. As the difference in temperature of thewater is taken before and after assing through the absorptionchamber, tere is afforded a means for measuring the amount generatedby the burningof the gas-- that is, the difference in reading of the inlet and outletthermometers in degrees Fahrenheit multiplied by the coefficient ofthermal capacity of a cubic foot of water-gives the ca orific value of acubic foot of gas in British thermal units. The temperature of the gasunder test is brought to that of the room by allowing the gas to remainin a tank until it acquires the room-temperature. The waste roducts ofcombustion are allowed to escape rom the absorption-chamber at atemperature equal to that of the room. Consequently the only heat givento the water passing through the absorption-chamber is the'heat due tothe combustion of the gas. The tem- 'bustion.

f eter.

perature of the Waste varyin the amount of exposed cooling-surfaces ofthe absorptio -chamber. Therefore as the gas in the tank is maintainedunder a constant pressure and the water from the absorption-chamberpasses into the tank with'a speed e ual to that of the gas flowing outand to the unsen burner there is afforded a means for accuratelydetermining the calorific value of the gas without making correctionsfor difference in temperature of the gas before and after combustion;nor is it necessary to make corrections due todifference in temperatureof both the air required to support combustion and the products of com-Under the conditions that Water is flowing into the tank as fast as thegas is flowing out and the gas is flowingto the Bunsen burner through aconstant orifice and un-- erconstant pressure it is required that watershould pass through the absorption-chamber at a constant rate, whichreduces to zero any error that might occur due to the absorption-chamberhaving a high thermal capacity on account of its own mass and the massof Water it contains, provided the temperature of the water at intakeremains constant, which is the usual condition in practice. Theinvention consists of a gas-calorimeter for carrying out the aboveobjects embodying the features of construction, combinations ofelements, and arrangement of parts having the general mode of operationsubstantially as hereinafter fully described and claimed in thisspecification and shown in the accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1isa front elevation of the calor im- Fig. 2 is a side elevation. Fig. 3is a plan view. Fig. 4 is a bottom plan view. Fig. 5 is a transversesectional view on line a: a: of Fig. 4. Fig. 6 is a vertical sectionalelevation of the absorption-chamber on line a: a: of Fig. 7. Fig. 7 is atop plan view of the same with the outside cover removed. 1g. 3 is anoutside elevation of the absorptioncliamber. Fig. 9 is a top plan viewof Fig. 8. Fig. 10 is an elevation, partly in section and gases iscontrolled by partly broken away, to show the bafiie-plates in theabsorption-ehanihen Fig. 1.1 is a sectional side view, and Fig. 12 is atop plan view, of the outside cover of the absorption-chamber. Fig. 13is a sectional side view, and Fig. 14

of the outer conical cap of the absorptionchamber. Fig. 17 is asectional side elevation, and Fig. 18 is a top plan view, of the innerconical cap of the absorption-chamber.

with the cover removed.

Fig. 19 is a sectional side elevation, and Fig. 20 is a top plan view,of the conical gate of the absorptiomchamber. Fig. 21 is a sectionalside elevation, and Fig. 22 is a top plan. view, and Fig. 23 is a bottomplan view, 0 the mixing-chamber of the absorption-chainher. Fig. 24 isasectional side view, and Fig. 25 is a top plan view, and Fig. 26 is anoutside elevation, of the outside base of the absorption-chamber. sideview, Fig. 28 is a top plan view, and Fig. 29 is an outside elevation,of the inside base of the absorption-chamber. Fig. 30 is a sectionalside elevation of the water-regulator, and Fig. 31 is a sectional sideelevation. of the siphon-brake. Fig. 32 is a sectional side elevation,and Fig. 33 is a top plan view, of the outer cup'for the regulator. Fig.34 is a sectional side elevation, and Fig. 35 is a top plan view, of thecone for the regulator. Fig. 36 is a sectional side elevation, and Fig.37 is a top plan view,of the inside cup for the regulator. Fig. 38 is asectional side view, and Fig. 39 is a plan view, of the cup base-platefor the regulator. Fig. 40 is a sectional side view, and Fig. 41 is atop plan view, of the cup for the siphon-brake. Fig. 42 is a sectionalside elevation, and Fig. 43 is a top plan view, of the cone for thesiphon-brake. Fig. 44 is a sectional side elevation of the tank, andFig. 45 is a top plan view of the same Fig. 46 is an outside elevationof the tank, and Fig. 47 is a top plan view of the same. Fig. 48 is asec tional side view of the tank-bottom, and Fig. 49 is a plan view.Fig. 50 is a sectional side view of the tank-base, and Fig. 51 is a planview. Fig. 52is a sectional side view of the tank-top, and Fig. 53 isaplan view. Fig. 54 is a sectional side View t the sheet-metal base ofthe calorimeter, and Fig. 55 is a plan view of the same. Fig. 56 is aplan view of the graduated plate for indicating the positions of thevalves. vatioii, and Fig. 58 is the Bunsen burner. side elevationalviews of the thermometerchambers, and Fig. 61 is a sectional elevationof one of said chambers. Fig. 62 is-a side elevation, partly in section,through the calorimeter on the line 10 10 of Fig. 3.

Referring to the drawings, A represents the base of the calorimeterwhich supports the tank B, the absorption-chamber C in this instancearranged concentrically within the tank, although may be provided, theBunsen burner D, the water-pressure regulator E, the siphonan outsideelevation, of

Fig. 27 is a sectional Fig. 57 is a sectional side ele.

Figs. 59 and are outany suitable arrangement I brake F, the water-inletthermometer G, the

Water-outlet thermometer H, the ressuregage I, and the necessary piping,va ves, and thermometers for carrying out the functions of theapparatus.

J is the water-inlet pipe, which may be connected to any suitable sourcefor supplying water circulation to the calorimeter.

K is the gas-inlet for supplying as to the apparatus, and L is the outet or rain-pipe for letting the water out of the apparatus.

Connection is made for water from inlet J to thejoint with pipe 1 in thebase of the calorimeter, Fig. 4, thence up by pipe 1 to the regulator Eand down by pipe 2 to the joint in the base connecting with the drain L.Water from the regulator also passes down through pipe 3 to the jointwith pipe 3 in the base, thence by pipe 3 in said base to the jointconnecting with pipe 50, which pipe extends up to the casing N of theinletthermometer G. Water rises up through the passage 49, Fig. 60, ofthe thermometerchamber and down around the inlet-thermometer G, and intothe absorption-chamber 0 through pipe 50 Fig. 2, which passes directlythrough tank B without communieating therewith and enters chamber C atthe point marked 50 in Fig. 8. The Water circulates through theabsorption-chamber C and passes from the mixing-chamber 26 in the top ofthe same containing metal shavings, down through a pipe 61 in thebaflieplate chambers, (seen in Fig. 7,) through opening 30, Fi 8, andfrom thence by piple 30 to the onset-thermometer chamber up around thethermometer and out by pipe 60 to the joint in the base, by pipe 60 tovalve M, by pipe'60 to a joint in the base,

up straight through the tank B Without com- 4 to siphonbrake F, out ofbrake by pipe 5, and down through tank B Without communicatingtherewith, by said pipe 5 to a oint in the base and by pipe 5 to drainL. Water also passes from the siphon-brake F by pipe 8, down throughtank B, and empt es into the large pipe 38.

municating therewith, by pipe Pipe 38 communicates with the bottom oftank B, so that Water rises up into the tank to fill it. Pipe 38 alsoconnects with a joint in the base, from which pipe 38 leads to valve Q,38 leads to drain L. By closing valve water rises in tank B.

Gas enters at K and passes by pipe K iiithe base to valve P, thence bypipe K to a joint in the base connecting wit p pe 39, extending u intothe hood 40, said p pe passing, up through the tank B and servin tosupply gas thereto above the water-leve Gas escapes from tank B by hood41 and pipe 39 'therein, down through said pipe to the base, thence bypipe 41 in the base to valve 0, thence by pipe 41 to gas-nipple 7, andthen to the bunsen D.

and thence pipe forated end, Fig.

4 by suitable nose connection (not shown) con- U-gage I. After theseconstant conditions .Tank to bunsen, the circulation of water In thebase the pipe 44 leading to drain is arranged to be directly under asuitable drip-pan (not shown) to be placed under pipe 44, leading fromthe tank. I

Thermometer 100 measures the room temperature and thermometer 101measures the tem erature of the escaping products of com ustion throughpipe 102, having a per- As described, the ipe 3, which connects theregulator with t e absorption-chamber C and the tank B, is controlled bythe valve M, marked Reg. to tank. 'By opening valve M the coldsupply-water may flow from regulator E first through the absorptionchamber 0, thence through the outlet-then mometer chamber N and into thetank B, thus expelling) the air in the tank through the Bunsen urner Das the water-level rises, which level is determined by the water-glassgage R. The valve 0, marked Tank to unsen, is opened to ermit the airfrom the tank B to escape t ough the Bunsen burner D. After all the airhas been expelled from the tank B and the water fills the tank thevalves M and O are closed. The valve P, marked Gas to tank, is thenopened to establish communication between the gas-supply at the pipe Kand the tank B, and the valve Q, marked Tank to drain, is opened topermit the water to drain off throu h the outlet L as the gas fillsthetank. litter the tank has been filled with gas to re lace the water thevalves 1?- and Q are close and the a' paratus is ready for starting atest. At t is sta e in the operations the Water is continuous y runningthrough the absorption-chamber C and up pipe 4 to the siphon-brake F andfrom thence down through the U-shaped pipe 5 to the drain L, pipe 5passing down through the tank B.

The tank B having been filled with gas, the test may be conductedby'lighting the Bunsen h lI" 6I D, Which is supplied with gas nectingthe nipple 6 of the Bunsen burner with the nipple 7 on the base of theapparatus which is supplied with gas from the tank B by the pipingwithin the ap aratus.

By suitably adjusting tlie valves M, marked Reg. to tank, and O, markedmay be caused to pass from the absorptionchamber into the tank, whilethe gas in the tank is permitted to flow to the Bunsen burner. Theproportional openings of these two valves M and 0 may be so adjustedthat a constant pressure of gas may be maintained in the tank B, whichwill beindicated by the are establishedthat is, when water is flowisflowing out of the tank Bthe differential mal units, which is the resultsought.

In Fig. 30 a detail sectional elevation of.

g the water-pressure regulator is shown, and in Figs. 32 to 39 detailsof the regulator are shown. The regulator comprises the outer cup (1,the perforated cone 1), the inside cup 0, and-the cup-base d, havingperforations for the pi es. The water rises in pipe 1 and enters t ecentral cone 6 through the holes e and is allowed to flow in excess ofthe amount of water required. The excess water flows over the top of thecone 1) into the outer cham her formed by the outer cup a and passes tor the drain L through pipe 2. The water passes to the absorption-chamberC and the tank B through the central pipe 3. It will be seen thataccording to the construction of this regulator a constant pressure ofwater is maintained in pipe 3.

In Fig. 31 a detail sectional elevation is shown of the si hon-brake F,while Figs. 40 to 43 are detai s of the siphon-brake. The siphon-brakecomprises the cone f and the cup g. The cone f of the siphon-brake isconnected to the tank B by means of the piping 8 and water enters thesiphon-brake by pipe 4 through aperture h and may connected totheaperturei on the brake. When the. water cannot flow into the tankdown through'pipe 8, the water-level rises in the outer chamber in thesiphon-brake and flows over into the U-shaped pipe 5, which, as stated,passes down through the tank B and is connected to the drain L. It willtherefore be seen that phon-brake F the pressure in the tank B cannot beincreased beyond that equal to a few -inches of water-pressure; buttheflow of water may continue through the absorptionchamber 0 and pass tothe drain L, thereby preventing any overheating of the water in theabsorption-chamber, which might result in an explosion if the Bunsenburner were left burning and the flow of water through theabsorption-chamber C was obstructed.

Regulating means are provided in connec tion with the absorption-chamberC for controlling the temperature of the flue-gases passing out from thecalorimeter. By this means the temperature of the escapingfluegases maybe brought to the roomtemperature so that no heat is given to or takenfrom the air, and the only heat absorbed by the water in thecombustion-chamber is furnished .by the heat liberated from thecombustion of the gases.

The construction of the absorption-chamber C and regulating means isshown in assembled view in Fig. 6 and in separate detail leave thesiphon-brake through the U-shaped pipe 5-,

by means of the siviews in Figs. 11 to 29. The absorptionchambercomprises the four concentric cylindrical shells j k l 0, between whichthere is left a space 1) for circulation of water. Theabsorption-chamber is provided with an out side base q, having suitableapertures for con trolling the chamber, and an inside base 1*,cooperating with the outer base.

The absorption-chamber C is constructed in such manner that thetemperature of the gases may be controlled, and according to thisinvention baffle-plates are provided and between which the gases ofcombustion may be conducted. The gases are conducted around and betweena greater or lesser number of the baffle-plates before they arepermitted to escape from the absorption-chamber, according to thetemperature at which it is desired they shall leave the chamber. In theplan view in Fig. 7 and sectional elevation in Fig. the baflie-plates 8extend from the bottom to within about one inch of the top of theabsorption-chamber within the gas-space between the inner and outershells of the absorption-chamber. The baffle-plates t ex tend from thetop of the absorption-chamber downward, and they are in length asillustrated in Fig. 10 in order that when the products of combustion areturned into the different channels formed by the baffle-plates theexposed absorbing-surface afforded by the baffle-plates may be varied.By this means the operator may expel the flue-gases at any particulartemperature. Between the baffle-plates s and t there is a space a, whichmay be termed a dead space, in order that noheat from baffle-plate 8maybe transmitted to baffle-plate t and thereby raise the temperature ofthe outgoing products of combustion. Both baffle-plates s and t extendthe entire vertical length of the absorption-chamber.

Suitable means are provided fordirecting the gases from thecombustion-chamber C to and around the baffle-plates. The top of theabsorption-chamber is provided with an outside cover 10, having anaperture 11 in its side and an aperture 12 in its top. There is aninside cover for the chamber, (indicated by the numeral 13,) whichinside cover has an opening 14 in its top and an opening 15 in its side.The absorption-chamber is provided with an outer conical cap 16, open attopand bottom and having apertures 17 in the conical sides. Within theouter conical cap 16 is an inner conical cap 18, having apertures 19 inits sides and an upwardlv-ex tending tube or throat 20. Within the innerconical cap is a conical gate 21, having a single aperture 22 in itsconical side and provided with a tubular throat 23, which extendsupwardly within the tubular throat of the inner conical cap 18. Theupper end of the throat 23 of the gate 21 is closed by a plug 24,- andan arm 25 may be connected to said throat 23 on the outside of theabsorption-chamber, by means of which the gate 21 may be rotated.According to this construction it will be seen that the products ofcombustion passing from the combustion-chamber O in theabsorption-chamber may be directed through'the passages in which arearranged the baffle-plates, and according to the position of the gate 21the products of combustion will be forced to pass over and around agreater or less number of the baffleplates before said gases may escapefrom the absorption-chamber through the outlet 12.

Within the top of the absorption-chamber is arranged a mixing-chamber26, having perforations 27 in its convex top and being provided with twoperforations 28 and 29 in its flat bottom. It will be seen that thewaterpassages between the concentric walls of the absorption-chamberextend up to the top of the chamber, and the water may find its way intothe mixing-chamber 26 through the perforations 27. A pipe connection ismade from the mixing-chamber to the opening 30, Fig. 8, and from thencesuitable connection is made to the outlet thermometer-chamber N, so thatthe hot water passes directly from the top of the absorption-chamber tothe outlet thermometer-chamber, where its temperature is taken. The lossof heat from this pipe is substantially zero, so that no practical erroris introduced in the result obtained. The mixing-chamber 26 ispreferably filled with metal shavings in order to thoroughly mix andcommingle the water before leaving the absorption-chamber, so that itmay not have a fluctuating temperature.

The tank is shown in Fig. 44, and details of the tank are shown in Figs.48 to 53. The tank is formed of concentric cylinders ac and is providedwith a tank-bottom 31, having apertures 32 in the sides, through whichtubing 33 extends. The bottom of the tank 31 is also suitably perforatedfor the piping of the calorimeter. The tank is prono vided with a base34, which fits over the tank-bottom 31 and is suitably perforated tocooperate with the tank-bottom. The tanktop 35 is provided with anaperture 36 in His side, through which a tube 37 extends, and 115suitable perforations are also provided for the piping of thecalorimeter.

A pipe 8, as stated, leads from the central cone f of the siphon-brakedown through the tank B and opens into the lower part of 1pe 120 38,Fig. 2. By this means the water rom the absorption-chamber C may enterthe tank B without disturbing the surface of the water in the tank. Gasfrom the gas-main enters the tank B through the valve P, 125 marked Gasto tank and passes up pipe 39, which pipe extends vertically up throughthe tank B and discharges into the hood 40. Gas passes from the tank Bto the Bunsen burner D by means of the hood 41 and down 1 0 w and theyentered, and therefore no calculation burned at the Bunsen through pipe42 through the valve 0 marked Tank and from thence is burner.

According to the construction of this gascalorimeter,- it Will be seenthat the waterto Bunsen level inthe tank B can only rise up to the topof the cone f in the siphon-brake F. All the outlets, with the exceptionof the Tank to drain, are placed above the level of the cone and arethus protected from being filled with water.

1 According to the eter the tank is filled with gas. The gas is burnedand heats water that afterward flows back to the tank and displaces theexact amount of gas that has been withdrawn. In other words, it is avolumetric displacement, volume for volume. The differential temperatureof the water before and after entermg the absorption-chamber, multipliedby the coeflicient of thermal capacity of a cubic foot of water, whichis practically 62.4, gives the calorific value of a cubic foot of gas.There is therefore no necessity for measuring the gas by a meter,because the calorimeter operates upon a dis lacement basis, and if thereare substantially no leaks and the pressure of the gas is maintainedconstant during the test practically all possible errors are eliminated.There is, furthermore, no. set time required in which to run the test.When constant conditions are established, the result is instantly givenby multiplying the differential temperature by the constant 62.4.

One of the important features of this invention resides in the fact thatthe flue-gases as they leave the absorption-chamber may be brought tothe same temperature at which or correction need be applied.

he absor tion-chamber arranged concentrically wit the tank may beseparated therefrom, if desired, by means of a heavy layer of felt 200,Fig. 62, in order that the ta may be insulated as completely as possiblefrom a thermal standpoint. The abs'orption-chamber comprises, asdescribed,

' two concentric boilers which make it possible to have a low thermalcapacity for the chamher, while at the same time all the flue-gases arealways in contact with the water-cooled surface and are arranged to giveup all their heat to the water, thus eliminating, as far as possible,errors in this regard.

The tank cannot be overflowed with water and the water "may circulatecontinuously through the absorption-chamber in consequence of theconstruction of the siphonbrake. Furthermore, no higher pressure can beplaced on the tank than the difl erence between the water-level in thetank and'the top of the cone in the siphon-brake.

A sample of gas-may be taken very slowly into the tank by 1y opening thevalve marked Gas to tank and opening very operation of thiscalorimslightly the valve marked Tank to drain.

's is an advantage, as it enables the 0 erator to obtain an averagesample extendin over from twelve to twenty-four hours, which will givean average sample of gas produced during-that time. The construction ofthe apparatus is such that all four thermometers may be placed veryclose together, and especially the inlet and outlet thermometers, whichenables the reader to actually determine the difl"erential temperature.There are no parts about the calorimeter that are calibrated or can getout of calibration, except the thermometers, and this is an importantfeature, because calorimeters which require a gas-meter are notaccurate, since the meter is seldom accurate itself and does not stay incalibration for-any extended length of time.

In the construction and operation of the inlet thermometer-chamber theWater first passes u on the outside, then down into con tact with thethermometer-bulb, and immediately into the absorption-chamber. Theinstantaneous temperature is thus given before the water enters the absotion-chamber.- In the outlet thermometer-c amber, the water firststrikes the bulb of the thermometer, then passes up and down on theoutside, thereby giving the instantaneous tem-- water comes directlyfrom perature as the the absorption-chamber.

The water of condensation collects in the bottom of A the absortion-chamber and drains into the tube 43, ig. 8, which tube is connectedwith the sshaped tube 44, Fig. 1. In case it is desired to measure thewater of Condensation, a graduated beaker is laced beneath the tube 44.When the gra uated beaker is. not in position, the water of condensationmay be driplped into .a small pan placed on the base of t e calorimeter,which pan may be connected by a small pipe to the drain. With regard tothe water of condensation two marks are preferably placed on thegage-glass R in Fig. 1, which indicate a certain volumetric content ofthe tank. Therefore to determine the water of condensation the graduatedbeaker is inserted beneath the drip as the water-level in the tankreaches the lower mark on the gage, and it is not Withdrawn until thewater-level reaches the top mark on the gage. Assume, for instance, thatthe two marks on the ga e-glass R indicate one-half of a cubic foot. Ten the amount of water of condensation multiplied by the volumetricdisplacement of gas, which is the fraction one-half of a cubic foot,would give the condensation per cubic foot of gas. It has been foundthat under the given conditions the constant which should be used formultiplication is the reciprocal of one-half, or

the constant 2. g g

Obviously some features of this invention may be used without others,and the invenburned, means for heating water, means for displacing thegas in the tank volume for volume, with water heated by the combustionof the gas, and means for measuring the rise in temperature of thewater.

2. In a calorimeter, the combination of a tank for holding apredetermined quantity of gas, means for burning the gas, means forconducting the gas from the tank to the point to be burned, means forheating water with the products of combustion, and means for displacingthe gas in the tank by the water heated volume for volume, as the gas isburned.

3. In a calorimeter, the combination of an absorption-chamber and atank, means for burning gas, means for conducting as from the tank tothe point to be burne means for continuously flowing water through saidabsorption-chamber, means forv displacing the gas in the tank volume forvolume, with Water heated in the absorption-chamber by the combustion ofthe gas, and means for measuring the tem erature of the water as itenters and leaves t 1e absorption-chamber.

4. In a calorimeter, the combination with a tank, of means for burninggas, means for conducting gas from the tank to the point to be burned,means for heating water, ,means for displacing the gas in the tankvolume for volume, with water heated by the combustion of the gas, meansfor measuring the rise in tern erature of the Water, and means forcontro ing the temperature of the waste products of combustion.

5. In a calorimeter, the combination of an absorption-chamber rovidedwith effective cooling-surfaces, an a tank, of means for burninggas,'means for heating water, means for continuously flowing waterthrough said chamber, means for displacin the gas in-the tank volume forvolume, wit water heated by the combustion of the gas, means formeasuring the temperature of the water as it enters and leaves the absortion-chamber, and means for varying the e ective coolingsurfaces of theabsorption-chamber to control the temperature of the waste gases.

6. In a calorimeter, the combination of a tank for gas and-water, meansfor burning the gas, means for supplyin gas from the tank to the burner,means or heating the water by the combustion of the gas, means forconductin the heated water to the tank, and thereby isplacing the gas inthe tank,

the combination of a 1 volume for volume, with the Water heated by l thecombustion of the gas, and means for measuring the rise in temperatureof the water.

7. In a calorimeter, the combination of a tank for holding apredetermined quantity of gas, means for burning the gas, means forconducting the gas from the tank to the burner, means for supplyingwater, means for heating the water with the products of combustion,means for leading the heated water to the tank, and thereby displacingthe gas in the tank by the water heated volume for volume, as the gas isburned.

8. In a calorimeter, the combination of an absorption-chamber and atank, means for burning gas, means for conducting the gas from the tankto the burner, means for continuously flowing water through saidabsorption-chamber, means for leading the Water to the tank, and therebydisplacing the gas in the tank volume for volume, with water heated inthe absorption-chamber by the combustion of the gas, and means formeasuring the temperature of the water as it enters and leaves theabsorption-chamber.

9. In a calorimeter, the combination with a tank, of means for burninggas, means for conducting the gas from the tank to the burner, means forsupplying water, means for heating the water by the combustion of thegas, means for leading the water to the tank, and thereby displacing thegas in the tank volume for volume, with water heated by the combustionof the gas, means for measuring the rise in temperature of the water,and means for controlling the temperature of the waste products ofcombustion.

10. In a calorimeter, the combination of an absorption-chamber providedwith efiective cooling-surfaces, a tank, means for burning gas, meansfor conducting the gas from the tank to the burner, means for sup lyingWater, means combustion of the gas, means for continuously flowing Waterthrough said chamber, means for leading the Water to the tank, andthereby displacing the gas in he tank volume for volume, with the waterheated-by the combustion of the gas, means for measur' the tem eratureof the water as it enters an leaves 51c absorption-chamber, and meansfor varying the effective cooling-surfaces of the absorption-chamber tocontrol the temperature of the waste gases.

11. In a calorimeter, the combination of a tank for gas and water, meansfor burning the gas, means for conducting the gas from the tank to theburner, means for supplying water, means for heating the water by thecombustion'of the gas, means for displacing the as in the tank volumefor volume, with the eated Water, means for measuring the rise intemperature of the water and a pressure-regulator for regulating thepressure of the water.

for heating the water y the ducting gas from the tank 1;. In acalorimeter, the combination of atan ducting gas from the tank to thepoint to be means for burning gas, means for conburned, means forheatingwater by the combustion of the gas, means for displacing the gasin the tank volume for volume, with water heated by the combustion ofthe gas,

means for measuring the rise in temperature of the water, means formaintaining a constant pressure of water, and means for preventin theincrease of pressure in the tank beyon a predetermined amount.

l3. In a calorimeter, the combination of a tank, means for burning gas,means for conducting gas fromthe tank to the point to be burned, meansfor heating water by the combustion of the gas, means for displacing thegas in the tank volume for volume, with water heated by the combustion tof the gas,

ter heated by the combustion of the gas,

means for measuring the rise in temperature of the water, and meansforbrlnging theffluegases as they leave the apparatus to substantially thesame temperature at which the gas enters the ap aratus.

15. a 'ca orimeter, the combination of a I r with watank andan'absorption-chamber, means for burning gas, means for conducting thetank to the point to be burne means gas, means for displacing the gas inthe tank volume for volume, with water heated by the combustion ofthegas, means for measuring the rise in temperature of the water, means forcontrolling the temperature of the waste products of combustion, meansfor regulatin the pressure of the water, and additiona means forregulating the ressure in the tank. 16. In a calorimeter, t ecombination with a tankflneans for burning gas means for conducting thegas from the tan to-the point to the combustion of the gas, of meansfordisplacing the gas in the tank volume for volume, with water heatedby the combustion of the gas. I

17. In a calorimeter, the combination of means for burning gas, meansfor supplying water, means for measuring the rise in temperatureof thewater, cooling-surfaces for waste products of combustion, and means forvarying the eifective amount of said cooling-surfaees whereby theproducts of combustion mabe expelled from the calorimeterat any esiredtemperature. 4 i In testimony whereof I have signed this spec' cation inthe presence of two subscriblng Witnesses.

HENRY L. DOHERTY; :Witnesses: 4

HELEN L. OBERTEUFFER, -H. E. OGDEN, Jr.

(gas from 4 for heating water by the-combustion of the be burned, andmeans for heating water by controlling the final. temperature of the

